On the contrary, the reduction in longevity of females by interspecific and conspecific male interferences was similar. 而雄虫对寿命的影响在同种和不同种之干扰作用相近，推测可能不影响种间竞争结果。
The niche of P. tabulaeformis and Q. liaotungensis had great overlapped.They formed strong the intraspecific and interspecific competition. 油松和辽东栎各自生态位有较大重叠，形成强烈的各自种内竞争和彼此种间竞争。
