These two attitudes constitute two kinds of fundamental modes of the Buddhist influences on the Chinese literary intelligentsia. 韩愈等人的融释入儒与柳宗元等人的糅合儒释，构成了佛学对中国士大夫影响的两种基本形式。
In the ancient China, scholar-bureaucrats used to be the ruler of the society, so they would decide to assent or oppose to Christianity. 在传统中国，文人士大夫一直都握有社会的话语权力，因而基督教入华所引发的种种接受与反对的声音，多来自他们那里。
