By lending to top-tier institutions, the BOJ also is looking to avoid losses on the loans. 日本央行之所以只向顶级金融机构发放这批贷款,也是为了避免贷款损失。
That's unlikely to happen when the demand for credit is in the ditch and loan losses are crimping banks' capital and lending capacity. 当信贷需求疲软以及贷款损失束缚了银行资本和放款能力时,超额准备金问题就不可能会出现了。