ALAN E.RUBIN is a geochemist at the University of California, Los Angeles, whose research has focused on shock effects in meteorites and the nature and origin of their chondrules. 鲁宾是美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的地球化学家，他的研究著重于陨石中的冲击效应及球粒的性质及来源。
This Paper also finds that a depreciation shock in the Tokyo foreign exchange market has a greater effect on volatilities than an appreciation shock. 同时，本研究也发现东京外汇市场日内报酬波动受贬值冲击影响效果大于升值效果，验证东京外汇市场日内报酬波动存在不对称效果。
